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especially humans or animals, as well as fictional characters. Dolls can be said to be one of the oldest toy, because at the time of the Greek, Roman or ancient Egypt just dolls already exist. However function, form, and materials used was different once between then and now.
Generally dolls were made as toys for children, but is sometimes used for functions rituals related to nature or things that are supernatural or mystical for example in the form of ceremonies of religious rituals in ancient times, the game jelangkung, magic or ritual summoning spirits. Often the dolls found in ancient tombs or sites of history and prehistory.
The development of dolls from age to age
3000-2000 BC
At this time, the doll usually made of clay, bone, wood and rubble, or pieces of fabric. The form is very simple and has a ritual function. For example, in Greece and Ancient Rome. Every girl should have a doll, then made his clothes, and shall keep it until the wedding. Just before the wedding, it is obligatory doll placed on the altar of Artemis (for the Greeks) or Diana altar (to the Romans) for religious ceremonies. In ancient Egypt, the doll is used as a substitute for human sacrifice.
600 BC
At this time there are doll clothes began to be replaced, and the feet and hands can be moved. Function dolls are still the same as in previous times, namely, to ritual. Doll is a picture of a humanist.
5th century
At this time, the material began doll is made of wood. Doll ritual function is still felt today. As in Mexico, the dolly many tangible holy family and are used for the celebration of Christmas. For the Hopi Indians, stuffed into the inside of the fertility rites (begging to be given fertility or prosperity).
14th century
Modern dolls began to appear in Europe. It's very different to the previous dolls. Her face was beautiful and smooth as a human, as well as the barrel-chested. At this time no longer a ritual doll, but for fashion. To that end, the doll using a shirt or dress and hair were really similar to the fashion of that era. Quite often the nobles used dolls to show off at once popularized the doll in their country (knowingly at that time no fashion magazines). Is like the queen of France, Isabeau of Bavaria, in front of the queen of England. In fact thanks to the dolls, the French fashion could be more popular abroad.
15th century
If in the days before the doll was made for personal, starting today commercialized. Its function was shifted from ritual and fashion into a toy. In recorded history, the first commercially doll maker in Germany. Cities that produce it are Nuremberg, Augsburg, and Sonneberg. Along with workers ituserikat doll maker formed so that there are standard rules in making and marketing the dolls. The appearance of the dolls were produced in Germany during the German women generally like actually means. Materials such as wood, clay and fabric pieces are still in use.
16th century
Materials and quality continue diperbaik doll. The factory was not just in Germany, but also in English, French, Dutch, and Italian. 1636 began to create dolls with hair made from the hair of a real woman.
The 17th century
At this time, the doll was not only shaped elegant women, but also other forms such as baby clothes or a sleeping little boy with sailor costume. Appearances doll is no longer as rigid as before. The material that will no longer use wood or clay, but of soft leather (soft leather) and a candle that looks like human skin. Then in addition to the eye that can be moved, dolls began to emit cries and walks.
The 18th century
At this time began to create dolls that could say "Papa" and "Mama" when pressed. This is thanks to the mechanical voice box by Johann Nepomuk Maelzel in 1827. In addition, the material used to make the dolls more varied. In addition to candles and soft leather, no rubber, porcelain, ceramics until selluloid.
The 19th century